Advanced Functional Polymers and Nanocomposites

Articles

Vol. 1 (2026)

Thermal Analysis of Cost-Effective Industrial Nanocomposites with Capacitive Control

Submitted
October 9, 2026
Published
2026-11-03

Abstract

The progress in electrical materials provides a foundation for the advanced processing of electric and electronic applications. The evolution of electroactive polymers (EAPs) supports the development of adaptive flexible systems, which consequently yield innovative integrated technologies for actuation and sensing. An assortment of polymer-based nanocomposites has been successfully applied in the production of Nano-tech sensors, which includes a diverse range of materials like conductive, thermoplastic, and elastomeric polymers. The charge storage capacity of insulation materials is a vital criterion for choosing materials in industrial electrical settings. Consequently, this paper explores how nanoparticles influence the capacitive charge in polyvinyl chloride under diverse thermal conditions. Experimental tests have been performed on different types and concentrations of organic and inorganic nanoparticles like Clay (Montmorillonite), ZnO, SiO2 and TiO2 at frequency range of 0.01 Hz to 1 MHz and under different thermal conditions ranging from 20°C to 80°C. Additionally, the research has been conducted on the best types and concentrations of nanoparticles for charging polyvinyl chloride insulation materials. A comparative study has demonstrated the effectiveness of nanoparticles that have improved electric and electronic industrial applications of polyvinyl chloride.

References

  1. Dey A. Electrical transport in titania nanoparticles embedded in conducting polymer matrix. Nanotechnol Rev. 2015;4(5):429-37. doi:10.1515/ntrev-2015-0015.
  2. [2] Yang Y, He J, Li Q, Gao L, Hu J, Zeng R, et al. Self-healing of electrical damage in polymers using superparamagnetic nanoparticles. Nat Nanotechnol. 2019;14(2):151-5. doi:10.1038/s41565-018-0327-4.
  3. Coetzee D, Venkataraman M, Militky J, Petru M. Influence of nanoparticles on thermal and electrical conductivity of composites. Polymers (Basel). 2020;12(4):742. doi:10.3390/polym12040742.
  4. Wang Y, Lu S, He W, Gong S, Zhang Y, Zhao X, et al. Modeling and characterization of the electrical conductivity on metal nanoparticles/carbon nanotube/polymer composites. Sci Rep. 2022;12:10448. doi:10.1038/s41598-022-14596-x.
  5. Shen Y, Zhang X, Li M, Lin Y, Nan CW. Polymer nanocomposite dielectrics for electrical energy storage. Natl Sci Rev. 2017;4(1):23-5. doi:10.1093/nsr/nww066.
  6. Prateek, Thakur VK, Gupta RK. Recent progress on ferroelectric polymer-based nanocomposites for high energy density capacitors: synthesis, dielectric properties, and future aspects. Chem Rev. 2016;116(7):4260-317. doi:10.1021/acs.chemrev.5b00495.
  7. Pleşa I, Noţingher PV, Schlögl S, Sumereder C, Muhr M. Properties of polymer composites used in high-voltage applications. Polymers (Basel). 2016;8(5):173. doi:10.3390/polym8050173.
  8. Sengwa RJ, Choudhary S. Dielectric and electrical properties of PEO-Al₂O₃ nanocomposites. J Alloys Compd. 2017;701:652-9. doi:10.1016/j.jallcom.2017.01.155.
  9. Xia X, Wang Y, Zhong Z, Weng GJ. A frequency-dependent theory of electrical conductivity and dielectric permittivity for graphene-polymer nanocomposites. Carbon. 2017;111:221-30. doi:10.1016/j.carbon.2016.09.078.
  10. Ramprasad R, Batra R, Pilania G, Mannodi-Kanakkithodi A, Kim C. Machine learning in materials informatics: recent applications and prospects. npj Comput Mater. 2017;3:54. doi:10.1038/s41524-017-0056-5.
  11. Peerless JS, Milliken NJB, Oweida TJ, Manning MD, Yingling YG. Soft matter informatics: current progress and challenges. Adv Theory Simul. 2019;2:1800129. doi:10.1002/adts.201800129.
  12. Li Q, Cheng SL. Polymer nanocomposites for high-energy-density capacitor dielectrics: fundamentals and recent progress. IEEE Electr Insul Mag. 2020;36(2):7-28. doi:10.1109/MEI.2020.9070113.
  13. Hassan YA, Hu H. Current status of polymer nanocomposite dielectrics for high-temperature applications. Compos Part A Appl Sci Manuf. 2020;138:106064. doi:10.1016/j.compositesa.2020.106064.
  14. Tan LJ, Zhu W, Zhou K. Recent progress on polymer materials for additive manufacturing. Adv Funct Mater. 2020;30(43):2003062. doi:10.1002/adfm.202003062.
  15. Sarathi R, Umamaheswari R. Understanding the partial discharge activity generated due to particle movement in a composite insulation under AC voltages. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2013;48:1-9. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.11.017.
  16. Thabet A, Salem N. Experimental progress in electrical properties and dielectric strength of polyvinyl chloride thin films under thermal conditions. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2020;21(2):165-74. doi:10.1007/s42341-019-00163-1.
  17. Kamalapur GD, Udaykumar RY. Rural electrification in India and feasibility of photovoltaic solar home systems. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2011;33(3):594-9. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2010.12.014.
  18. Chatterjee A, Bhattacharjee P, Roy NK, Kumbhakar P. Usage of nanotechnology-based gas sensor for health assessment and maintenance of transformers by DGA method. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2013;45(1):137-41. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.08.044.
  19. Mohamed AT. Design and investment of high voltage nanodielectrics. Hershey (PA): IGI Global; 2021. 363 p. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-3829-6.
  20. Mohamed AT. Emerging nanotechnology applications in electrical engineering. Hershey (PA): IGI Global; 2021. 318 p. doi:10.4018/978-1-7998-8536-8.
  21. Thabet A, Fouad M. Experimental and simulation analysis for insulation deterioration and partial discharge currents in nanocomposites of power cables. Int J Electr Comput Eng. 2024;14(2):1194-202. doi:10.11591/ijece.v14i2.pp1194-1202.
  22. Bois L, Chassagneux F, Parola S, Bessueille F, et al. Growth of ordered silver nanoparticles in silica film mesostructured with a triblock copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO. J Solid State Chem. 2009;182(7):1700-7. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2009.01.044.
  23. Algidsawi AJK, Hashim A, Hadi A, Habeeb MA. Exploring the characteristics of SnO₂ nanoparticles doped organic blend for low-cost nanoelectronics applications. Semicond Phys Quantum Electron Optoelectron. 2021;24(4):472-7. doi:10.15407/spqeo24.04.472.
  24. Hashim A, Kadham AJ, Hadi A, Habeeb MA. Determination of optical parameters of polymer blend/nanoceramics for electronics applications. Nanosci Nanotechnol Lett. 2021;19(2):327-36. doi:10.15407/nnn.19.02.327.
  25. Hamza RSA, Habeeb MA. Reinforcement of morphological, structural, optical, and antibacterial characteristics of PVA/CMC bioblend filled with SiO₂/Cr₂O₃ hybrid nanoparticles for optical nanodevices and food packing industries. Polym Bull. 2024;81:4427-48. doi:10.1007/s00289-023-04913-3.
  26. Oreibi I, Habeeb MA, Hamza RSA. Polymer nanocomposites comprising PVA matrix and Ag-BaTiO₃ nanofillers: a comparative study of structural, dielectric and optical characteristics for optics and quantum nanoelectronic applications. Opt Quantum Electron. 2024;56:119. doi:10.1007/s11082-023-05685-w.
  27. Habeeb MA, Mahdi SM. Influence of ZrC nanofiller on the structural, dielectric and optical features of the PVA-PVP blend for electronic and optical nanodevices. Opt Quantum Electron. 2023;55(12):1076. doi:10.1007/s11082-023-05426-z.
  28. Oreibi I, Habeeb MA, Hamza RSA. Polymer nanocomposites comprising PVA matrix and Ag-BaTiO₃ nanofillers: a comparative study of structural, dielectric and optical characteristics for optics and quantum nanoelectronic applications. Opt Quantum Electron. 2024;56:119.
  29. Aman A, Yaacob MM, Alsaedi MA, Ibrahim KA. Polymeric composite based on waste material for high voltage outdoor application. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2013;45(1):346-52. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2012.09.004.
  30. Thabet A, Mobarak Y. Experimental dielectric measurements for cost-fewer polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites. Int J Electr Comput Eng. 2015;5(1):13-22.
  31. Thabet A. Experimental enhancement for dielectric strength of polyethylene insulation materials using cost-fewer nanoparticles. Int J Electr Power Energy Syst. 2015;64:469-75. doi:10.1016/j.ijepes.2014.06.075.
  32. Thabet A. Experimental verification for improving dielectric strength of polymers by using clay nanoparticles. Adv Electr Electron Eng. 2015;13(2):182-90. doi:10.15598/aeee.v13i2.1249.
  33. Ebnalwaled AA, Thabet A. Controlling the optical constants of PVC nanocomposite films for optoelectronic applications. Synth Met. 2016;220:374-83.
  34. Thabet A. Thermal experimental verification on effects of nanoparticles for enhancing electric and dielectric performance of polyvinyl chloride. Measurement. 2016;89:28-33. doi:10.1016/j.measurement.2016.04.002.
  35. Thabet A, Salem N. Experimental verification on dielectric breakdown strength using individual and multiple nanoparticles in polyvinyl chloride. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2020;21(3):274-82.
  36. Thabet A, Fouad M. Dielectric strength and patterns of partial discharges in nanocomposites insulation of three-core belted power cables. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2022;23(2):136-48.
  37. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA, Ebnalwaled AA. Synthesis and measurement of optical light characterization for modern cost-fewer polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites thin films. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2023;24(6).
  38. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA. Recent advances in optical characterization of SR/MWCNTs nanostructures for emerging piezoelectric sensors. e-Prime Adv Electr Eng Electron Energy. 2024;7:100447. doi:10.1016/j.prime.2024.100447.
  39. Sharma S, Pathak D, Dhiman N, Kumar R. Characterization of PVdF-HFP-based nanocomposite plasticized polymer electrolytes. Surf Innov. 2017;5(4):251-6. doi:10.1680/jsuin.17.00019.
  40. Sharma S, Pathak D, Dhiman N, Kumar R, Prashar KK, Kahol M, et al. Conductivity study on proton-conducting nanocomposite plasticized polymer electrolytes: a review. Curr Mater Sci. 2022;15(3):229-50. doi:10.2174/2666145415666220330104918.
  41. Arora N, Sharma V, Singh S, Talwar V, Kumar R, Verma S, et al. Enhanced thermal, electrical and mechanical properties of silica-doped PMMA-based polymer gel electrolytes containing LiN(CF₃SO₂)₂. Bull Mater Sci. 2026;49(4):215. doi:10.1007/s12034-026-03736-y.
  42. Quader R, Narayanan LK, Caldona EB. Dielectric characterization of fiber- and nanofiller-reinforced polymeric materials. J Appl Polym Sci. 2024;141(19):e55362. doi:10.1002/app.55362.
  43. Drakopoulos SX, Wu J, Maguire SM, Srinivasan S, Randazzo K, Davidson EC, et al. Polymer nanocomposites: interfacial properties and capacitive energy storage. Prog Polym Sci. 2024;156:101870. doi:10.1016/j.progpolymsci.2024.101870.
  44. Xiu Y, Zhu L, Moon J, Hess DW, et al. Eutectic liquid in sol-gel process for superhydrophobic silica thin films—antistiction of MEMS devices. In: Proceedings of the 12th International Symposium on Advanced Packaging Materials: Processes, Properties, and Interfaces (APM); 2007. doi:10.1109/ISAPM.2007.4419937.
  45. Ma P, Nie W, Yang Z, Zhang P, Li G, Lei Q, et al. Preparation and characterization of polyimide/Al₂O₃ hybrid films by sol-gel process. J Appl Polym Sci. 2008;108(2):705-12. doi:10.1002/app.27540.
  46. Bois L, Chassagneux F, Parola S, Bessueille F, et al. Growth of ordered silver nanoparticles in silica film mesostructured with a triblock copolymer PEO-PPO-PEO. J Solid State Chem. 2009;182(7):1700-7. doi:10.1016/j.jssc.2009.01.044.
  47. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA, Ebnalwaled AA. Synthesis and measurement of optical light characterization for modern cost-fewer polyvinyl chloride nanocomposites thin films. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2023;24(6).
  48. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA. Recent advances in optical characterization of SR/MWCNTs nanostructures for emerging piezoelectric sensors. e-Prime Adv Electr Eng Electron Energy. 2024;7:100447. doi:10.1016/j.prime.2024.100447.
  49. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA. Fabrication and electric characterization of SR/MWCNTs nanocomposites for piezoelectric sensors under thermal conditions. Russ J Nondestruct Test. 2024;60(5):522-32.
  50. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA. Synthesis and dielectric characterization of SR/MWCNTs nanocomposites for piezoelectric sensors. Nondestruct Test Eval. 2026;41(1):66-82. doi:10.1080/10589759.2025.2458652. Published online 2025 Jan 27.
  51. Thabet A, Al Mufadi FA. Investigation into dielectric degradation and thermal stability in distinct design patterns of polymeric nanocomposites. Trans Electr Electron Mater. 2025;26(3):356-65. doi:10.1007/s42341-025-00595-y.